There are 2 types of hydrogen bonding. Here, we will discuss the types of hydrogen bonding with their examples
Types of Hydrogen bonding
There are 2 types of H-bonding :
1. Intermolecular Hydrogen bonding
- When H-bonding takes place between different molecules of the same compound or different compounds.
- For example HF, H2O, ROH, H2O and NH3 etc.
2. Intramolecular Hydrogen bonding
- H-bonding forms between H-atom of one group with the more electronegative atom of the other group.
- For example o-Nitrophenol, Salicylic acid.
- It is also called as chelation effect.
Conditions for H-bonding
- The molecule must have a highly electronegative atom linked to H atom.
- The size of the electronegative atom should be small.
- F, O and N atoms form H-bonds. They have small size and high electronegativity.
Conditions of intramolecular H-bonding
- The molecule should be planar.
- H-bonding lead to the formation of 6 membered ring including H atom.
- The molecule should contain 2 groups. One group contains H-atom linked to a highly EN atom. The other group contains a highly EN atom linked to lesser EN atom.
Effects of Intramolecular H-bonding
- The intramolecular H-bonding prevents association of molecules.
- It causes a contraction of molecule. This results in decrease in surface area.
- It lowers the melting point and boiling point.
- Intramolecular H-bonding decreases the solubility.
- It increases the vapour pressure.
Significance of H-bonding
- H2O present in living cells is attached to protein molecules by H-bonding.
- Structure of proteins & nucleic acids is stable due to H-bonding.
Effects of Intramolecular H-bonding is opposite to that of intermolecular H-bondng.
FAQs on types of H-bonding
- Out of o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol, which has higher boiling point and why ?
Answer : P-nitrophenol has higher boiling point because there is intermolecular H-bonding. O-nitrophenol has intramolecular H-bonding.
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