The ideal solution & non-ideal solution are classified on the basis of Raoult’s Law. We will discuss here how to explain them with examples and their types.
What are ideal solution & non-ideal solution
An ideal solution is the solution which obeys Raoult’s Law under all conditions of temperature and concentrations. While a solution which does not obey Raoult’s law is called as non-ideal solution.
What is the difference between ideal solutions & non-ideal solutions
An ideal solution should satisfy the following conditions:
- There is no change in volume after mixing the 2 components i.e.△V mix = 0
- There is no change in enthalpy after mixing the 2 components i.e. △H mix = 0. It means that there is the no heat absorbed or evolved.
- An ideal solution is the solution in which the intermolecular interactions between the components A-B are of same magnitude as that of pure A-A and B-B interactions.
- Practically, no solution behave as ideal solution. However, if the concentration is very low, then the solutions behave nearly as ideal solution.
- There are some examples of ideal solutions e.g. benzene + toluene, n-hexane + n-heptane.
A solution which does not obey Raoult’s law is called as non-ideal solution.
- In case of non-ideal solution, △V mix ≠ 0, △H mix ≠ 0.
- For example, when we mix strong acid and water, it generates large amount of heat and results in change in volume.
- In the non-ideal solution, each component interacts differently than the interactions present in pure components.
- There are 2 types of non-ideal solutions. That is non-ideal solutions showing positive deviation and negative deviation.
Types of non-ideal solution solutions
- Non-ideal solutions showing positive deviation from the expected Raoult’s Law behaviour.
- Non-ideal solutions showing negative deviation from the expected Raoult’s Law behaviour.
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